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Bearing (Bearing) is an important part of contemporary machinery and equipment. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotating body, reduce the friction coefficient during its movement, and ensure its rotation accuracy (accuracy).

The early form of linear motion bearings was to place a row of wooden poles under a row of skid plates. Modern linear motion bearings use the same working principle, but sometimes use balls instead of rollers. The simple rotating bearing is a bushing bearing, which is just a bushing sandwiched between the wheel and the axle. This design was subsequently replaced by rolling bearings, which replaced the original bushings with a lot of cylindrical rollers, each of which was like a separate wheel.

An example of an early ball bearing was discovered on an ancient Roman ship built in 40 BC in Naomi Lake, Italy: a wooden ball bearing was used to support a rotating tabletop. It is said that Leonardo da Vinci once described a ball bearing around 1500. Among the various immature factors of ball bearings, there is a very important point that collisions between the balls will cause additional friction. But this phenomenon can be prevented by putting the balls in small cages one by one. In the 17th century, Galileo made a premature description of the "cage ball" ball bearing. At the end of the seventeenth century, British C. Wallo designed and manufactured ball bearings, and installed them on mail trucks for trial use, and British P. Worth obtained a patent for ball bearings. The rolling bearing with cage, which was put into practical use early, was invented by watchmaker John Harrison in 1760 to make H3 chronograph. At the end of the eighteenth century, German H.R. Hertz published a paper on the contact stress of ball bearings. On the basis of Hertz's achievements, R. Stribeck in Germany, A. Palmgren in Sweden and others have conducted a large number of experiments, which have contributed to the development of rolling bearing design theory and fatigue life calculation. Subsequently, Russia’s N.P. Petrov applied Newton’s law of viscosity to calculate bearing friction. The first patent on the ball channel was obtained by Philip Vaughan of Carmarthen in 1794.

In 1883, Friedrich Fisher proposed the use of suitable production machines to grind steel balls of the same size and accurate roundness, which laid the foundation for the bearing industry. British O. Reynolds conducted a mathematical analysis of Thor’s discovery and derived the Reynolds equation, thus laying the foundation for the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication.